What are the types and types of diabetes

There are many types and types of diabetes, each with its own characteristics and differences.

In addition to the well-known names of diabetes types (types 1 and 2), you can often find other types of diseases that are often puzzling. For example, it's not entirely clear what gestational diabetes or lada diabetes is. So what other types and types of diabetes are there?

main type

In most cases, the concept of "type 1 diabetes" or "type 2 diabetes" can be found in the formulation of the diagnosis. It is this classification that identifies diseases based on the body's need for insulin.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of specialized pancreatic beta cells responsible for producing insulin. This occurs most often when a person is exposed to a viral infection, so the immune system begins to develop "attackers" on gland cells, destroying them. As a result, insulin deficiency occurs in the blood. Since cells cannot absorb glucose from the blood without an important hormone like insulin, they actually starve to death while "floating" to glucose.

If insulin is introduced into the body from the outside, the cells "happily" start consuming glucose and the sugar levels normalize. Therefore, type 1 disease is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes.

When referring to the term "non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus" it refers to type 2 diabetes. Its pathogenesis is based on two key points:

• beta cell pathology;
• Insulin-dependent cells of the body violate insulin sensitivity.

This condition is more common in people who are obese, because obesity can lead to the formation of cells that are resistant to the action of insulin (immune). In addition to obesity, glucose absorption is also affected by smoking, physical inactivity, and taking certain medications.

type 3 diabetes

Have type 3 diabetes, which combines the signs of type 1 and type 2. Namely, accumulation of adipose tissue in the liver (as in type 2 diabetes) and insulin deficiency (as in type 1 diabetes). In life, type 2 diabetes that responds positively to insulin therapy is type 3. But this type is not recognized by the health organization, so all cases are classified as type 1 and type 2.

This disease is not uncommon. The reason for this is believed to be increased intestinal absorption of iodine due to various pathological reasons. This results in thyrotoxic type 2 diabetes with complex pathogenesis. Its treatment should be radically different from standard treatment.

hidden form

Latent diabetes is a condition in which glucose from food is absorbed slowly but insulin production remains at adequate or elevated levels. There was no clinical latent diabetes mellitus. This form precedes type 2 diabetes. It should be said that the recessive variant of diabetes is prediabetes, and it is still possible to affect the metabolic status of carbohydrates at this stage.

Latent diabetes may persist for a long time (up to several years). For timely detection, blood glucose should be monitored frequently, which is especially important in those with predisposing factors (obesity, high blood pressure and use of diuretics that lower potassium levels, polycystic ovary syndrome).

If latent diabetes is detected in time, then, by adhering to the simple rules of prevention, this form will never turn into type 2 diabetes. To prevent this, you should increase your physical activity, stick to your diet, and control your blood sugar.

unstable and stable

You can also find phrases like "stable and unstable diabetes". So they say type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Understand the clinical course of the disease in terms of these terms.

Unstable diabetes is characterized by a rather severe and unpredictable course. Significant changes in blood sugar levels during the day make it impossible for you to choose the best dose of insulin. In this form, acute and late complications occur more often - ketoacidosis, kidney disease, organs of vision. Unstable forms are characteristic of puberty.

The stable form is characterized by a uniform process, no sudden drop in sugar, milder symptoms, and low levels of high blood sugar.

pregnancy

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. Gestation period, or latitude. gestatio is pregnancy. The cause of these disorders has not been reliably determined, but hormones produced by the placenta and the expecting mother's body can lead to physiological insulin resistance. There are several factors that can contribute to the development of gestational diabetes. These include:

• late pregnancy;
• family diabetes;
• smokes;
• obesity;
• Stillbirth in a previous pregnancy.

This unpleasant disease can be avoided if women follow their doctor's instructions and get regular checkups. If diabetes has developed, appropriate insulin therapy and hospitalization are required. Patients are monitored by obstetricians, endocrinologists, internists, ophthalmologists, neurologists. After childbirth, carbohydrate metabolism usually returns to normal.

It is important to note that gestational diabetes may continue after delivery. The diagnosis is valid for 2 months after birth. During this time, women need to continue treatment, but need to adjust the insulin dose, which is calculated by the attending physician or endocrinologist. 2 months after giving birth, women undergo a stress test, which will indicate whether there is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism. If hyperglycemia is noted, the diagnosis is corrected and appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Lada Diabetes

Latent diabetes or lada diabetes is rarely diagnosed due to its latent course. Radha diabetes has features associated with other forms.

1. Lab tests did not show this form. Fasting glucose levels usually do not rise.
2. The first symptoms of the disease appear 25 years later.
3. Pregnancy, stress, infectious diseases, rapid weight gain from adipose tissue can cause clinical symptoms.
4. Radha diabetes occurs most often in people who are not obese.
5. These symptoms are similar to those of type 2 diabetes, but in a more subtle form.
6. Markers of type 1 diabetes can be detected in the blood of patients.
7. Lada diabetes is controlled through diet and taking antidiabetic drugs.

To identify lada diabetes, specific tests are performed, which will be discussed in the article dedicated to this condition.

Diabetes

Diabetes patterns are rarely identified and are associated with mutations in certain genes (8 of them). These genes are responsible for the normal structure of insulin or optimal development of beta cells. Modi diabetes is characterized by low progression and develops in young adults (more commonly children, adolescents).

Polydiabetes accounts for 2-5% of all diabetes cases, but the development of gestational forms is strongly associated with genetic mutations. Diabetes can only be reliably diagnosed with the help of molecular genetic studies.

This form of process features:

• occurs in children
• Sometimes glucose rises to 8 mmol/l;
• not obese;
• no insulin resistance;
• SD is offered in two generations;
• The disease course is similar to type 2 diabetes.

steroid diabetes

Long-term use of corticosteroid-based drugs or hypercortisolism (syndrome or disease, Itsenko-Cushing) can lead to steroid diabetes. Adrenal hormones adversely affect the beta cells of the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency.

Steroid diabetes is an insulin-dependent disease. However, its clinical course includes some features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the work of other organs is violated due to the action of corticosteroids. This type of diabetes is considered type 2 diabetes.

pancreatic

Pancreatic DM is a secondary disease. It is a reaction to the destruction of the pancreas in pancreatitis, stones in the gallbladder and ducts, after surgery on the glands. All of these factors lead to a decrease in active beta cells and insulin deficiency. It goes on like type 1 diabetes.

other minor forms

Adrenal, pituitary, thyroid diabetes occurs on the background of an excess of certain hormones in the blood, which cause the destruction of insulin-producing cells. The clinic resembles type 1 diabetes with symptoms of damage to other organs and tissues.